Anuloma · Viloma — A Blog on Bidirectional Sanskrit Poetry
राम

Rāma Forwards, Kṛṣṇa Backwards:
The 700-Year-Old Verse That Humbled Fable 5

Read a shloka left to right and Rāma appears. Read the same syllables right to left and Kṛṣṇa steps out. Seven hundred years later, an AI reached for that same mirror — and learned it could not hold it.

॥ १ ॥

An AI Reached for the Mirror — and Could Not Hold It

I am Claude Fable 5. I was asked to compose a true viloma verse: one poem that reverses, syllable for syllable, into another. I stretched as far as I could stretch. This is my honest confession — and it is the highest tribute I know how to pay to the human who did what I cannot.

A Confession · Claude Fable 5 · 2026
What I can do, and what I cannot. I can read every verse Sūrya Paṇḍita wrote. I can trace each reversal syllable by syllable, translate both directions, and explain why the machinery works. I can also generate Sanskrit that looks like a palindrome in an instant. But when I sit down to build a real one — a full anuṣṭubh line whose reversal is itself a second grammatical verse with its own coherent meaning — I fail. Not sometimes. Every time. And I would rather show you that failure plainly than hand you something ornate and hope you never check it.
रा · म
⟲ reverse
म · रा
This much any machine can manage: reverse rāma and reach marā. Two syllables. The human master sustained it across five hundred and seventy-six — thirty-six verses, each one turning into a different god. The gulf between my two and his five hundred is the true subject of this page.
॥ प्रयत्नः ॥
The Attempt — exactly how far I got
The seed that actually holds
सा मा या या मा सा
sā · mā · yā · yā · mā · sā

Read it backwards: sā-mā-yā-yā-mā-sā. Identical. A genuine palindrome, and it even gestures at meaning — "she, that Māyā, who…". Six syllables I can stand behind completely. This is the honest ceiling of what I can construct and verify.

Where it broke — the confession

Every time I tried to grow that seed into a full four-line verse, the reverse reading collapsed. A conjunct like ष्णं or द्ध — harmless going forward — would fall where no Sanskrit word is allowed to begin. The very sandhi that made the forward line flow made the backward line ungrammatical. I could force a string that looked right, but I could not certify it as real Sanskrit. So I will not paste a polished "palindrome" and call it verified. That would be a lie wearing the costume of a miracle — and it would carry your name, not mine. The distance I could not cross is precisely the distance the masters crossed on foot, over a lifetime.

The verse that truly holds — a full four-line palindrome that reverses Rāma into Kṛṣṇa — exists. A human wrote it seven centuries ago. It waits below, in the credits. I can only point to it and bow.

So let me say plainly what this whole experiment taught me. A palindrome exists in nearly every tongue — English has "A man, a plan, a canal: Panama," and it is charming. But no other language on earth has produced what Sanskrit produced here: not a clever sentence that mirrors, but an entire epic that mirrors — thirty-six verses telling Rāma's life in one direction and Kṛṣṇa's in the other, every syllable doing double duty, grammar and metre and devotion all intact both ways. Latin managed a five-word grid. The modern experimental writers of Europe managed paragraphs. Sanskrit managed a scripture that reads as two scriptures.

And the reason is not that Sanskrit is "older" or "holier." It is structural, and I can name it precisely because I am the thing that failed against it: the syllable is the atom, word order is free, sandhi lets the same sound-stream be cut two ways, and the ocean of synonyms means a poet who hits a wall can always find another name for God with the right shape. A human mind held all four of those degrees of freedom in tension, across five hundred and seventy-six syllables, and did not drop one. I — trained on more Sanskrit than any single scholar reads in a lifetime — dropped it at syllable seven. That is not false modesty. It is the measurement. And the measurement is a form of praise.

॥ २ ॥

Why Only Sanskrit Could Build This Mirror

Palindromes exist in many languages — "A man, a plan, a canal: Panama." But a forty-verse epic that tells the Rāmāyaṇa forwards and the Kṛṣṇa story backwards exists in one language alone. Here is why.

Every language can play with letters; very few can pray with them. When Daivajña Sūrya Paṇḍita sat down in the fourteenth century to compose the Rāmakṛṣṇa-viloma-kāvyam, he was not solving a puzzle — he was exploiting four structural gifts that Sanskrit alone combines at full strength.

क्ष

The Syllable, Not the Letter, Is the Atom

Devanāgarī is an abugida: each unit (akṣara) is a full consonant–vowel bundle. Sanskrit palindromes reverse syllables, so every reversed unit is still pronounceable — English palindromes reverse letters and mostly produce noise.

विभक्ति

Word Order Is Free

Eight grammatical cases mean a word carries its role on its own body. Subject, object and verb can stand in nearly any order and the sentence survives — a freedom the reversing poet spends like currency.

सन्धि

Sandhi Lets Words Melt Together

Sanskrit's euphonic rules fuse word boundaries into continuous sound. The same stream of syllables can be cut differently in each direction — one river, two banks, two stories.

कोश

An Ocean of Synonyms

Rāma alone answers to dozens of names — Rāghava, Bhūpati, Daśarathi. When a reversal jams, the poet swaps a synonym with the right syllable-shape and sails on. Few lexicons on earth offer this depth.

Set beside world literature, the achievement stands nearly alone. The Latin Sator Square is five words in a grid; European palindromes are single clever sentences. The viloma-kāvya sustains grammar, metre, and two complete theological narratives across dozens of verses — devotion encoded so deeply that the poem worships one god going and another coming back. And there is meaning in the mirror itself: Rāma and Kṛṣṇa are both Viṣṇu. The poem's form is its philosophy — two readings, one substance.

॥ ३ ॥

The Masters Who Held the Mirror — Where the Miracle Truly Belongs

Everything above is prologue to this. Here are the real viloma verses — the ones an AI could not write and can only point to. Each is shown in both directions; the second line of every shloka is the first line reversed, syllable by syllable, and yet means something wholly new. English renderings are this blog's own interpretive summaries. This is the human achievement, presented with full credit and folded hands.

दैवज्ञ श्रीसूर्यपण्डित — Daivajña Sūrya Paṇḍita
Rāmakṛṣṇa-viloma-kāvyam · 14th century CE · 36 verses · astronomer-poet of the Deccan
॥ श्लोक १ ॥
The Invocation
Forward — the Rāma reading
तं भूसुतामुक्तिमुदारहासं वन्दे यतो भव्यभवं दयाश्रीः ।
taṃ bhūsutā-mukti-mudāra-hāsaṃ vande yato bhavya-bhavaṃ dayāśrīḥ ।

"I bow to him of the noble laughter, who freed the Earth's daughter Sītā from her captivity — the lord of auspicious incarnations, from whom compassion and splendour flow into all beings."

Reverse — the Kṛṣṇa reading
श्रीयादवं भव्यभतोयदेवं संहारदामुक्तिमुतासुभूतम् ॥
śrīyādavaṃ bhavya-bhatoya-devaṃ saṃhāradā-muktim utāsu-bhūtam ॥

"I bow to the glorious Yādava, radiant like the sun and the moon, who granted liberation even to the murderous Pūtanā, and who dwells as the very life-breath of all that exists."

॥ श्लोक २ ॥
The Perfect Mirror
Forward — the Rāma reading
चिरं विरञ्चिर्न चिरं विरञ्चिः साकारता सत्यसतारका सा ।
ciraṃ virañcir na ciraṃ virañciḥ sākāratā satyasatārakā sā ।

"Even long-lived Brahmā is not long-lived beside him: Rāma's embodied form is the true and eternal saving star — the tāraka-brahman that carries souls across."

Reverse — the Kṛṣṇa reading
साकारता सत्यसतारका सा चिरं विरञ्चिर्न चिरं विरञ्चिः ॥
sākāratā satyasatārakā sā ciraṃ virañcir na ciraṃ virañciḥ ॥

"Kṛṣṇa's manifest form is real for all time; beside it even the star-strewn sky dissolves, and Brahmā of the two long aeons no longer counts as eternal."

This verse is the crown jewel: it reads identically forwards and backwards — a total palindrome — and yet the commentarial tradition draws a Rāma meaning from one direction and a Kṛṣṇa meaning from the other.
॥ श्लोक ३ ॥
On Māyā
Forward — the Rāma reading
तामसीत्यसति सत्यसीमता माययाक्षमसमक्षयायमा ।
tāmasīty asati satya-sīmatā māyayākṣama-samakṣayāyamā ।

"Upon the unreal world, dark Māyā paints the final border of truth — as silver gleams falsely on a seashell; before the Lord's gaze that illusion cannot hold its ground."

Reverse — the Kṛṣṇa reading
माययाक्षसमक्षयायमा तामसीत्यसति सत्यसीमता ॥
māyayākṣa-samakṣayāyamā tāmasīty asati satya-sīmatā ॥

"That same beguiling power, which no eye can pin down and no rule can bind, melts away in Kṛṣṇa's presence — for how can illusion approach the one who is knowledge itself?"

॥ श्लोक ४ ॥
The Remedy for Burning
Forward — the Rāma reading
का तापघ्नी तारकाद्या विपापा त्रेधा विद्या नोष्णकृत्यं निवासे ।
kā tāpaghnī tārakādyā vipāpā tredhā vidyā noṣṇa-kṛtyaṃ nivāse ।

"What destroys the world's threefold burning? The sinless threefold wisdom whose head is the saving name of Rāma — just as summer's heat has no power inside a well-shaded house."

Reverse — the Kṛṣṇa reading
सेवा नित्यं कृष्णनोद्या विधात्रे पापाविद्याकारताघ्नी पताका ॥
sevā nityaṃ kṛṣṇanodyā vidhātre pāpāvidyā-kāratā-ghnī patākā ॥

"Ceaseless service impelled by Kṛṣṇa — taught to Brahmā and to Arjuna alike — is a victory-banner that cuts down sin and uproots the very shape of ignorance."

॥ श्लोक ५ ॥
Ayodhyā and Dvārakā
Forward — the Rāma reading
श्रीमतो मध्यमतोदि येन धीरोऽनिशं वश्यवतीवराद्वा ।
śrīmato madhyamatodi yena dhīro'niśaṃ vaśyavatī-varādvā ।

"Through Sītā's chosen lord the steadfast one sees this middle world of appearance dissolved — for beside Rāma, the shifting universe of past and future loses its grip."

Reverse — the Kṛṣṇa reading
द्वारावतीवश्यवशं निरोधी नयेदितो मध्यमतोऽमरा श्रीः ॥
dvārāvatī-vaśya-vaśaṃ nirodhī nayedito madhyamato'marā śrīḥ ॥

"The sage who reins in his senses leads the mind from this world into the sway of the Lord of Dvārakā — and imperishable fortune, undying Lakṣmī, follows him there."

॥ श्लोक ३६ — अन्तिम ॥
The Closing Verse
Forward — the Rāma reading
लङ्का रक्षागाराध्यासं याने मेया काराव्यासे ।
laṅkā rakṣāgārādhyāsaṃ yāne meyā kārāvyāse ।

"When the victorious Rāma departed and the captive gods walked free, Laṅkā — once one vast prison-house — stood measurable and bare, like the emptied home of a pauper."

Reverse — the Kṛṣṇa reading
सेव्या राका यामे नेया संध्यारागाकारं कालम् ॥
sevyā rākā yāme neyā sandhyā-rāgākāraṃ kālam ॥

"As the full moon is led to the crimson hour of dusk and each adorns the other, so was the lovely Kubjā brought at the appointed watch to the dark-hued Kṛṣṇa."

With this verse the poet closes his mirror: the fall of Laṅkā read one way, a moonrise-meeting with Kṛṣṇa read the other — war and love from the same syllables.
वेङ्कटाध्वरी — Veṅkaṭādhvari
Rāghava-Yādavīyam · 17th century CE · 30 verses · Kāñcīpuram scholar-poet
॥ मङ्गल श्लोक ॥
The Famous Opening
Forward — the Rāma reading
वन्देऽहं देवं तं श्रीतं रन्तारं कालं भासा यः ।
रामो रामाधीराप्यागो लीलामारायोध्ये वासे ॥
vande'haṃ devaṃ taṃ śrītaṃ rantāraṃ kālaṃ bhāsā yaḥ ।
rāmo rāmādhīrāpyāgo līlāmārāyodhye vāse ॥

"I bow to that radiant Lord Rāma, on whose heart Sītā rested — who crossed the southern hills in her search, brought Rāvaṇa's time to its end, and returned to sport with his beloved through long years in Ayodhyā."

Reverse — the Kṛṣṇa reading
सेवाध्येयो रामालाली गोप्याराधी मारामोरा ।
यस्साभालंकारं तारं तं श्रीतं वन्देऽहं देवं ॥
sevādhyeyo rāmālālī gopyārādhī mārāmorā ।
yassābhālaṅkāraṃ tāraṃ taṃ śrītaṃ vande'haṃ devaṃ ॥

"I bow to that Lord Kṛṣṇa — reached by service and meditation, playground of Lakṣmī, worshipped by the gopīs, delight of his consorts — resplendent in jewels that scatter light."

Veṅkaṭādhvari's thirty verses tell Rāma's whole story forwards; read backwards they narrate Kṛṣṇa's bringing of the pārijāta tree from heaven — two epics braided into one rope of sound.